What viral encephalitis is and signs after death of The Pogues front man Shane MacGowan - Wales Online

The Pogues frontman Shane MacGowan recently died peacefully at the age of 65 after suffering viral encephalitis. MacGowan revealed he was diagnosed with encephalitis last year in a video posted to social media on New Year's Eve in 2022.

Best known for the song Fairytale Of New York, he had been due to celebrate his 66th birthday on Christmas Day. He is survived by his wife Victoria, his sister Siobhan and his father Maurice.

In recent years, MacGowan had been confined to a wheelchair and was cared for by his wife. The musician was suffering from a serious brains welling, which saw him in and out of hospital for much of his late life.

What encephalitis is and signs

Viral encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain caused by a viral infection. Though the condition is uncommon, it is very serious.

It occurs when a virus enters the brain, leading to an inflammatory response. The symptoms and severity of viral encephalitis can vary, ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to more severe neurological issues. Common symptoms include fever, headache, confusion, seizures and in severe cases, loss of consciousness or coma.

Early treatment is crucial in managing viral encephalitis, as it can progress rapidly and lead to serious complications, including brain damage and death. Vaccinations for some viruses which can infect the brain can prevent encephalitis in many cases.

Virus which can cause encephalitis include:

1. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): This is one of the most common causes of viral encephalitis, particularly HSV type 1.

2. Varicella-Zoster Virus: The virus responsible for chickenpox and shingles can also cause encephalitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals

3. Enteroviruses: This group includes polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses

4. Arboviruses: These are viruses transmitted by things like mosquitoes and ticks

5. Mumps Virus: Prior to the widespread use of the MMR vaccine, mumps was a common cause of viral encephalitis

6. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): In the later stages of infection, HIV can cause encephalitis

7. Measles Virus: Before the measles vaccine, measles was a significant cause of encephalitis, especially in children

Treatment depends on the underlying cause, but typically includes antiviral medicines, steroid injections, antibiotic drugs or antifungal treatments and medicine to control seizures or fits or support with breathing. Keeping up to date with your vaccinations, boosters and travel injections can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing encephalitis.

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