Parasitic Diseases List

Clostridioides difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming, toxin-producing anaerobic bacterium that causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea. 1,2 C.difficile infection (CDI) may occur when the human intestinal tract is disrupted by broad-spectrum antibiotics.1,2 Certain antibiotic agents, such as clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, and some cephalosporins, are known to have the highest risk of causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. 3 Depending on the host, the infection can range from being asymptomatic to life-threatening C. difficile colitis.1,2 Untreated CDI can lead to serious complications, including death, perforations of the colon, pseudomembranous colitis, sepsis, and toxic megacolon. 4 The Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America began updating the clinical practice guidelines for the management of C. difficile in early 2019 to incorporate new randomized control trials that compared C. difficile agents. This update contains...

Helminths are parasitic worms that can infect humans and other animals. There are three types of helminths: flukes (trematodes), tapeworms (cestodes), and roundworms (nematodes). When these worms get into the human body, they can cause parasitic infection, which appears as intestinal worms. This infection is known as helminthiasis, although it's sometimes called helminthosis or simply a worm infection.  SCIEPRO / Getty Images Helminths are most common in areas that have moist, warm climates and poor sanitation. When worms are in someone's intestines, that person passes eggs through their stool. As the feces come into contact with soil, the eggs can spread. People can contract the infection if the infested soil reaches their mouths, often through dirty hands. In the case of hookworm, the parasite matures in the soil and is passed when a person walks over the soil with bare feet. Some people with helminthiasis have no symptoms. ...

Neurocysticercosis is a neurological disease that occurs when a particular type of parasitic tapeworm invades the central nervous system. In this article, we explore neurocysticercosis, including its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and more. There are five stages of neurocysticercosis, and these align with the lifecycle of the parasite that causes it. Noncystic At this stage, the embryo of the parasite does not appear on CT or MRI scans. However, there will be small areas of swelling. Within a few months, these become lesions, as the embryo evolves to form the cysts that characterize this disease. Vesicular At this stage, the cysts have translucent walls and hold transparent fluid containing the parasite. As long as the cysts stay intact, the person tends to have no reaction. Colloidal vesicular The cysts develop thick walls, the liquid becomes cloudy, and the person develops an intense inflammatory reaction. This may be due to the parasite beginning to deteriorate, either from treatme...

Description Unintentional inhalation of a foreign body (objects or food) into the airway resulting in respiratory obstruction Children < 3 years old are most affected (more often boys), with a second smaller peak at 10 years old In adults, most aspirations occur after age 50 7% of all accidental deaths in children < 4 years old attributed to foreign body aspiration in United States Likely Risk Factors Infants and children Behavioral factors Oral exploratory habits Inability to distinguish between edible/inedible objects Tendency to perform other activities with objects in their mouth Anatomical factors Immature swallowing coordination Lack of dentition and decreased ability to chew food Small diameter airway Less ability to generate forced air through airway and relieve obstruction Commonly aspirated objects Round, ovoid, cylindrical shapes with a diameter similar to child's airway Most common aspirated foreign bodies include: Organic o...

Abstract Axial flow pumps are standard treatment in cases of cardiogenic shock and high-risk interventions in cardiology and cardiac surgery, although the optimal anticoagulation strategy remains unclear. We evaluated whether laboratory findings could predict bleeding complications and acquired von Willebrand syndrome (avWS) among patients who were treated using axial flow pumps. We retrospectively evaluated 60 consecutive patients who received Impella devices (Impella RP: n = 20, Impella CP/5.0: n = 40; Abiomed Inc., Danvers, USA) between January 2019 and December 2020. Thirty-two patients (53.3%) experienced major or fatal bleeding complications (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium score of > 3) despite intravenous heparin being used to maintain normal activated partial thromboplastin times (40–50 s). Extensive testing was performed for 28 patients with bleeding complications (87.5%). Relative to patients with left ventricular support, patients with right ventricula...

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